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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Colognian on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Colognian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here. Changes should reflect consensus; especially if the conventions of this key are already in wide use, any substantive change to it should be discussed on the talk page first so as not to create discrepancies between the key and transcriptions. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Colognian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-ksh}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Colognian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Colognian.
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Notes[edit]
- ^ abThe phone[ʒ] occurs also often as a positional allophone of [j] when a final [ʃ] or [ɧ] of a word stem is either followed by a vowel of a grammatical suffix or becomes voiced under the influence of a liaison or due to coarticulation. Under normal circumstances, [j] is used to transcribe these.
- ^Only occurs on stressed vowels. Though a falling tone in Cologne, realizations vary by dialect and accent. Compare these 'accent 1' words with their 'accent 2' words /ˈʃtiːf/ 'stiff', /ˈhuːs/ 'house (nom./acc.)', /ˈʃlɛːʃ/ 'bad', /zei/ 'she', /kan/ '(I/he) can' without Stoßton
- ^ abAs several other Germanic languages, Colognian has mid [ə] and open [ɐ] schwas. Care must be taken to clearly distinguish between the two. In English, the former appears in words such as balance, cannon and chairman and the latter variably in sofa, China (especially at the very end of utterance) and, in some dialects, also in ago and again, but one needs to remember that Colognian [ɐ] has no such free variation and is always open, just as [ə] is always mid. In some English dialects, /ʌ/ in words such as nut and strut is a perfect replacement for Colognian [ɐ], but the latter is an unstressed-only vowel that can also appear in open syllables, which generally cannot be said about the English /ʌ/.
Bibliography[edit]
- Fritz Hoenig: Wörterbuch der Kölner Mundart. 2nd edition, 1905. Köln.
- Georg Heike: Zur Phonologie der Stadtkölner Mundart. Eine experimentelle Untersuchung der akustischen Unterscheidungsmerkmale. In:Deutsche Dialektgeographie, volume57, Elwert-Verlag, Marburg 1964
- Claudia Froitzheim: Artikulationsnormen der Umgangssprache in Köln. In:Continuum, Schriftenreihe zur Linguistik, volume2. Narr, Tübingen, 1984, ISBN3-87808-332-7 (Also Dissertation at the University of Cologne, 1983).
- Adam Wrede: Neuer Kölnischer Sprachschatz. 12thedition, 1999. 3volumes, 1168pages. Greven Verlag, Köln. ISBN3-7743-0243-X
- Christa Bhatt, Alice Herrwegen: Das Kölsche Wörterbuch. 2ndedition, 2005. J. P. Bachem-Verlag, Köln. ISBN3-7616-1942-1
For another simpler phonemic writing system of West Middle German and Meuse-Rhenish including Colognian, see:
- Peter Honnen (presented following the previous works of Fritz Langensiepen): Rheinische Dokumenta: Lautschrift für Rheinische Mundarten, Mundartdokumentation im Rheinland. Rheinland-Verlag, Köln, 2ndedition, 1987, ISBN3-7927-0947-3
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